Yields and costs of recruitment methods with participant phenotypic characteristics for a diabetes prevention research study in an underrepresented pediatric population
Posted on 2020-08-15 - 03:29
Abstract Background/aims Prediabetes and diabetes disproportionately impact Latino youth, yet few diabetes prevention programs have prioritized inclusion of this underrepresented population. This report describes the recruitment process, yields, associated costs, and phenotypic characteristics of Latino youth with obesity and prediabetes enrolled in a randomized controlled diabetes prevention study in the USA. Methods Recruitment efforts included referrals from clinics, community outlets, local media, and word of mouth with the goal of enrolling 120 Latino adolescents aged 12–16 with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile) and prediabetes. Prediabetes eligibility was determined by any of the following: HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.5%, fasting glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL, or a 2-h glucose between 120 and 199 mg/dL following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), but not meeting any of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Eligible participants were randomized 2:1 to either a 6-month community-based lifestyle intervention that included group nutrition and health education classes (1 day/week) and group exercise classes (2 days/week) or usual care control arm. Recruitment yields were determined by review of referral source in the study screening database. Recruitment costs were determined by an after-the-fact financial review of actual and in-kind costs. Participant phenotypic characteristics (i.e., demographics, anthropometrics, and biochemical data) were compared by recruitment strategy using a one-way ANOVA. Results Recruitment efforts covered 160 mile2 (414 km2) across 26 ZIP codes (postcode) in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area and yielded 655 referrals from clinics (n = 344), community (n = 143), media (n = 137), and word-of-mouth (n = 31). From this pool, 26% (n = 167) did not meet general, pre-screening eligibility criteria; 29% (n = 187) declined participation; and 10% (n = 64) were unable to be contacted. A total of 237 youth were invited to the clinical research unit to determine final eligibility. Following the OGTT, 52% (n = 122) met prediabetes criteria and 117 were subsequently randomized. Clinical recruitment yielded the highest number of referrals (53%; n = 344) while word-of-mouth yielded the highest proportion (35%; n = 11) of randomized participants per referred youth. There were no significant differences in anthropometric or biochemical measures among youth by recruitment strategy. Based upon final enrollment numbers, community recruitment was the costliest approach ($486/randomized participant) followed by clinical ($248/randomized participant) and media ($236/randomized participant). Conclusions The ability to meet enrollment goals for a clinical trial of an underrepresented population required multiple recruitment strategies. Although strategies vary in yields and costs, it appears they produce similar phenotypical risk profiles of eligible youth. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02615353 . Registered on 26 November 2015
CITE THIS COLLECTION
Vander Wyst, Kiley B.; Olson, Micah L.; Hooker, Elva; Soltero, Erica G.; Konopken, Yolando P.; Keller, Colleen S.; et al. (2020). Yields and costs of recruitment methods with participant phenotypic characteristics for a diabetes prevention research study in an underrepresented pediatric population. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5092836.v1
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AUTHORS (16)
KV
Kiley B. Vander Wyst
MO
Micah L. Olson
EH
Elva Hooker
ES
Erica G. Soltero
YK
Yolando P. Konopken
CK
Colleen S. Keller
FC
Felipe G. Castro
AW
Allison N. Williams
AF
Arlene D. R. Fernández
DP
Donald L. Patrick
SA
Stephanie L. Ayers
HH
Houchun H. Hu
AP
Armando Peña
JP
Janiel Pimentel
WK
William C. Knowler
GS
Gabriel Q. Shaibi
KEYWORDS
BMIrecruitment strategyANOVAyieldcare control armdiabetes prevention research studyOGTTprediabete26 ZIP codesPhoenix Metropolitan AreaParticipant phenotypic characteristicsphenotypical risk profilesTrial registration ClinicalTrials.g...Results Recruitment effortsrandomized2- h glucosediabetes prevention programsparticipant phenotypic characteristicsstudy screening databaseyouthpre-screening eligibility criteriareferralUSAmediadiabetes prevention studyglucose tolerance testMethods Recruitment efforts