Haplotype-resolved germline and somatic alterations in renal medullary carcinomas
Posted on 2021-07-15 - 03:31
Abstract Background Renal medullary carcinomas (RMCs) are rare kidney cancers that occur in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. Although RMC is associated with the sickle cell trait and somatic loss of the tumor suppressor, SMARCB1, the ancestral origins of RMC remain unknown. Further, characterization of structural variants (SVs) involving SMARCB1 in RMC remains limited. Methods We used linked-read genome sequencing to reconstruct germline and somatic haplotypes in 15 unrelated patients with RMC registered on the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) AREN03B2 study between 2006 and 2017 or from our prior study. We performed fine-mapping of the HBB locus and assessed the germline for cancer predisposition genes. Subsequently, we assessed the tumor samples for mutations outside of SMARCB1 and integrated RNA sequencing to interrogate the structural variants at the SMARCB1 locus. Results We find that the haplotype of the sickle cell mutation in patients with RMC originated from three geographical regions in Africa. In addition, fine-mapping of the HBB locus identified the sickle cell mutation as the sole candidate variant. We further identify that the SMARCB1 structural variants are characterized by blunt or 1-bp homology events. Conclusions Our findings suggest that RMC does not arise from a single founder population and that the HbS allele is a strong candidate germline allele which confers risk for RMC. Furthermore, we find that the SVs that disrupt SMARCB1 function are likely repaired by non-homologous end-joining. These findings highlight how haplotype-based analyses using linked-read genome sequencing can be applied to identify potential risk variants in small and rare disease cohorts and provide nucleotide resolution to structural variants.
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Tan, Kar-Tong; Kim, Hyunji; Carrot-Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Yuxiang; Kim, Won Jun; Kugener, Guillaume; et al. (2021). Haplotype-resolved germline and somatic alterations in renal medullary carcinomas. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5512677.v1
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AUTHORS (18)
KT
Kar-Tong Tan
HK
Hyunji Kim
JC
Jian Carrot-Zhang
YZ
Yuxiang Zhang
WK
Won Jun Kim
GK
Guillaume Kugener
JW
Jeremiah A. Wala
TH
Thomas P. Howard
YC
Yueh-Yun Chi
RB
Rameen Beroukhim
HL
Heng Li
GH
Gavin Ha
SA
Seth L. Alper
EP
Elizabeth J. Perlman
EM
Elizabeth A. Mullen
WH
William C. Hahn
MM
Matthew Meyerson
AH
Andrew L. Hong