Genomic architecture of endogenous ichnoviruses reveals distinct evolutionary pathways leading to virus domestication in parasitic wasps
Posted on 2020-07-24 - 04:02
Abstract Background Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are mutualistic endogenous viruses inoculated by some lineages of parasitoid wasps into their hosts, where they facilitate successful wasp development. PDVs include the ichnoviruses and bracoviruses that originate from independent viral acquisitions in ichneumonid and braconid wasps respectively. PDV genomes are fully incorporated into the wasp genomes and consist of (1) genes involved in viral particle production, which derive from the viral ancestor and are not encapsidated, and (2) proviral segments harboring virulence genes, which are packaged into the viral particle. To help elucidating the mechanisms that have facilitated viral domestication in ichneumonid wasps, we analyzed the structure of the viral insertions by sequencing the whole genome of two ichnovirus-carrying wasp species, Hyposoter didymator and Campoletis sonorensis. Results Assemblies with long scaffold sizes allowed us to unravel the organization of the endogenous ichnovirus and revealed considerable dispersion of the viral loci within the wasp genomes. Proviral segments contained species-specific sets of genes and occupied distinct genomic locations in the two ichneumonid wasps. In contrast, viral machinery genes were organized in clusters showing highly conserved gene content and order, with some loci located in collinear wasp genomic regions. This genomic architecture clearly differs from the organization of PDVs in braconid wasps, in which proviral segments are clustered and viral machinery elements are more dispersed. Conclusions The contrasting structures of the two types of ichnovirus genomic elements are consistent with their different functions: proviral segments are vehicles for virulence proteins expected to adapt according to different host defense systems, whereas the genes involved in virus particle production in the wasp are likely more stable and may reflect ancestral viral architecture. The distinct genomic architectures seen in ichnoviruses versus bracoviruses reveal different evolutionary trajectories that have led to virus domestication in the two wasp lineages.
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Legeai, Fabrice; Santos, Bernardo F.; Robin, Stéphanie; Bretaudeau, Anthony; Dikow, Rebecca B.; Lemaitre, Claire; et al. (2020). Genomic architecture of endogenous ichnoviruses reveals distinct evolutionary pathways leading to virus domestication in parasitic wasps. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5072085.v1
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AUTHORS (17)
FL
Fabrice Legeai
BS
Bernardo F. Santos
SR
Stéphanie Robin
AB
Anthony Bretaudeau
RD
Rebecca B. Dikow
CL
Claire Lemaitre
VJ
Véronique Jouan
MR
Marc Ravallec
JD
Jean-Michel Drezen
DT
Denis Tagu
FB
Frédéric Baudat
GG
Gabor Gyapay
XZ
Xin Zhou
SL
Shanlin Liu
BW
Bruce A. Webb
SB
Seán G. Brady
AV
Anne-Nathalie Volkoff