Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children
Posted on 2020-06-03 - 03:38
Abstract Background A recent increase in children admitted with hypotensive shock and fever in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak requires an urgent characterization and assessment of the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a case series performed at 4 academic tertiary care centers in Paris of all the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with shock, fever and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between April 15th and April 27th, 2020. Results 20 critically ill children admitted for shock had an acute myocarditis (left ventricular ejection fraction, 35% (25–55); troponin, 269 ng/mL (31–4607)), and arterial hypotension with mainly vasoplegic clinical presentation. The first symptoms before PICU admission were intense abdominal pain and fever for 6 days (1–10). All children had highly elevated C-reactive protein (> 94 mg/L) and procalcitonin (> 1.6 ng/mL) without microbial cause. At least one feature of Kawasaki disease was found in all children (fever, n = 20, skin rash, n = 10; conjunctivitis, n = 6; cheilitis, n = 5; adenitis, n = 2), but none had the typical form. SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology were positive for 10 and 15 children, respectively. One child had both negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology, but had a typical SARS-CoV-2 chest tomography scan. All children but one needed an inotropic/vasoactive drug support (epinephrine, n = 12; milrinone, n = 10; dobutamine, n = 6, norepinephrine, n = 4) and 8 were intubated. All children received intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g per kilogram) with adjuvant corticosteroids (n = 2), IL 1 receptor antagonist (n = 1) or a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor (n = 1). All children survived and were afebrile with a full left ventricular function recovery at PICU discharge. Conclusions Acute myocarditis with intense systemic inflammation and atypical Kawasaki disease is an emerging severe pediatric disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early recognition of this disease is needed and referral to an expert center is recommended. A delayed and inappropriate host immunological response is suspected. While underlying mechanisms remain unclear, further investigations are required to target an optimal treatment.
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Grimaud, Marion; Starck, Julie; Levy, Michael; Marais, Clémence; Chareyre, Judith; Khraiche, Diala; et al. (2020). Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5004011.v1
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AUTHORS (17)
MG
Marion Grimaud
JS
Julie Starck
ML
Michael Levy
CM
Clémence Marais
JC
Judith Chareyre
DK
Diala Khraiche
ML
Marianne Leruez-Ville
PQ
Pierre Quartier
PL
Pierre Louis Léger
GG
Guillaume Geslain
NS
Nada Semaan
FM
Florence Moulin
MB
Matthieu Bendavid
SJ
Sandrine Jean
GP
Géraldine Poncelet
SR
Sylvain Renolleau
MO
Mehdi Oualha