Additional file 4 of Lipopolysaccharide- TLR-4 Axis regulates Osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL/RANK signaling

Additional file 4: Figure S4. Effect of anti-TNF-α on the differentiation of osteoclasts. RAW cells subjected to differentiation in the presence of RANKL (A) and TNF-α (C) were treated with a TNF-α antibody for three days (B and D). Differentiation was blocked in cells treated with TNF-α antibody in TNF-α –treated cells (panel D) and not in RANKL treated cells (panel B). This result suggests that anti- TNF-α had no effect on the RANKL-RANK pathway involved in osteoclast differentiation. Representative phase-contrast microscopy images of TRAP-stained osteoclasts are shown. Cells were photographed under a 20X objective.