Additional file 3: of Prevention of C5aR1 signaling delays microglial inflammatory polarization, favors clearance pathways and suppresses cognitive loss

Aβ plaque load and CD45 expression in Arctic heterozygous for CX3CR1 and CCR2. Brain sections from Arctic, Arctic-CX3CR1+/GFP or Arctic-CCR2+/RFP reporter mice at 6 or 7 months were stained with either thioflavine (A), or an anti-Aß antibody (1536) (C) to assess the plaque load (A, C). CD45 reactivity was probed to investigate microglial activation (B,D). Arctic mice were compared to Arctic mice heterozygous for CCR2-RFP (A, B) or heterozygous for Cx3CR1-GFP (C,D). Scale bar is 100 μm. (E). Bars represent the average Field Area % of 3–4 animals per genotype (2 sections per animal). No statistically significant difference was observed in Arctic compared to Arctic-CCR2+/RFP in thioflavine (p < 0.75) or CD45 (p < 0.09) or between Arctic and Arctic-CX3CR1+/GFP in Aß (p < 0.67) or CD45 (p < 0.71) by one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. (DOCX 1787 kb)