Additional file 3: Figure S2. of Avian infectious bronchitis virus disrupts the melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) signaling pathway by cleavage of the adaptor protein MAVS

IBV induces chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx expression in chicken embryos. In this experiment three embryos were inoculated with IBV, and three embryos were inoculated with PBS, which served as negative controls. Then, the trachea, intestine, kidney, lung, liver, and muscle tissues were collected from the embryos 72 h post-infection. (A) chMDA5, (B) chIFN-β, (C) chIFN-λ and (D) chMx were calculated as fold change of the infected group relative to the uninfected group and normalized against three different reference genes. In the kidney, liver and muscle tissues chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), EFF1 (2) and RPL5 (3) respectively. In the intestine chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), GAPDH (2) and RPL32 (3) respectively. In the lung chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), TUBAT (2) and RPL5 (3) respectively. In the trachea chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), EFF1 (2) and RPL32 (3) respectively. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. (n=3) (* P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01). (TIFF 1330 kb)