Additional file 4: of Single swim sessions in C. elegans induce key features of mammalian exercise

Swim exercise does not induce a generalized stress response in C. elegans. qPCR results before and at different time points post-exercise for (A, B) heat shock response, (C, D) mitochondrial unfolded protein response, (E) endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, (F, G) hypoxia response, and (H, I) osmotic response reporter genes. All panels refer to N2 animals (n = 5 independent trials), except (G), which reports for unc-54 mutants (n = 3 independent trials). Note the different y-axis scales between figure panels; scales presented in (F) and (G) are the same to allow for a direct comparison between N2 and unc-54 mutants. We calculated relative expression by normalization to reference genes followed by normalization to the time point before exercise. We used paired two-tailed Student’s t tests to compare relative expression of control versus exercise samples at each time point. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. (PDF 241 kb)