Additional file 1: of Southern Hemisphere mid- and high-latitudinal AOD, CO, NO2, and HCHO: spatiotemporal patterns revealed by satellite observations

Figure S1. Seasonal mean pattern of 850-hPa wind field from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data for (a) September-October-November (SON), (b) December-January-February (DJF), (c) March-April-May (MAM), and (d) June-July-August (JJA). Figure S2. The location of the King Sejong, Belgrano, Neumayer, Syowa, Davis, and Jangbogo stations around Antarctica. Figure S3. Monthly mean height variation of 10-day back trajectories arrived at 5 stations: For cases when back-trajectories come from the higher latitudes than the arrival site. Calculations for 2005-2016 were used. Figure S4. Same as Figure S3, but for cases when back-trajectories come from the lower latitudes than the arrival site. Table S1. Trends and their uncertainties of deseasonalized anomaly of AOD from 2005 to 2016. The regions having a significant trend are colored red (95% confidence level) or purple (90% confidence level). Table S2. As Table S1., but for CO. Table S3. As Table S1., but for NO2. Table S4. As Table S1., but for HCHO. Figure S5. Same as Fig. 6, but for the region (pixel) over 30-35°S in latitude and 22.5-67.5°W in longitude from 2005 to 2016. An example of time-series analysis at each pixel that we divided. Figure S6. Annual variation of seasonal mean wind speed for the region over 40-60°S in latitude and 22.5°W-22.5°E to explain the increasing trend of AOD in this region. Figure S7. Temporal variation of total fire counts (2005-2016) over South America (black), Africa (orange), and Australia (blue). (PDF 2090 kb)