Additional file 1: of Physical activity monitors to enhance amount of physical activity in older adults – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure S6. Subgroup analysis on effect of the interventions on physical activity sorted on type of physical activity monitor, diagnoses, feedback frequency, risk of bias judgement and type of physical activity measure. Results are from random effects model using Hedges g. K: Number of studies; SMD: standardized mean difference; PAM: physical activity monitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For each analysis, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the pooled intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Figure S7. Subgroup analysis on effect of the interventions on moderate to vigorous physical activity, sorted on type of physical activity monitor, diagnoses, feedback frequency, and risk of bias judgement. Results are from random effects model using Hedges g. K: Number of studies; SMD: standardized mean difference; PAM: physical activity monitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For each analysis, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the pooled intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Figure S8. Subgroup analysis on effect of the interventions on physical capacity, sorted on type of physical activity monitor, diagnoses, feedback frequency, and risk of bias judgement. Results are from random effects model using Hedges g. K: Number of studies; SMD: standardized mean difference; PAM: physical activity monitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For each analysis, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the pooled intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Figure S9. Subgroup analysis on effect of the interventions on body mass index, sorted on type of physical activity monitor, diagnoses, feedback frequency, and risk of bias judgement. Results are from random effects model using Hedges g. K: Number of studies; SMD: standardized mean difference; PAM: physical activity monitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For each analysis, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the pooled intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Figure S10. Subgroup analysis on effect of the interventions on health-related qualify of life, sorted on type of physical activity monitor, diagnoses, feedback frequency, and risk of bias judgement. Results are from random effects model using Hedges g. K: Number of studies; SMD: standardized mean difference; PAM: physical activity monitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HRQoL: Health-related quality of life. For each analysis, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the pooled intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Positive values favor the intervention. Figure S11. Funnel plot with Eggers line illustrating risk of publication bias in the analysis of effect of the interventions on physical activity. SMD: standardized mean difference. Figure S12. Random effects meta-analysis on withdrawals due to illness and adverse events. For each study, the diamond represents the specific relative risk of withdrawing with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Results are from random effects model with relative risks. RR: Relative risk. The large diamond represents the pooled relative risk. Values below one equals more events in the intervention groups. Figure S13. Explorative subgroup analyses of effect of interventions on physical activity sorted on control intervention. For each study, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. Results are from random effects model using standardized mean difference (SMD) adjusted to Hedges g. PA: physical activity. The large diamonds represent the pooled standardized mean difference between the intervention groups and the control groups. Positive values favor the intervention. Figure S14. Explorative subgroup analyses of effect of interventions on physical activity sorted on additional intervention content. Results are from random effects model using standardized mean difference (SMD) adjusted to Hedges g. For each study, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. The large diamonds represent the pooled standardized mean difference between the intervention groups and the control groups. Positive values favor the intervention. Figure S15. Figure S15. Explorative subgroup analyses of effect of interventions on physical activity sorted on active control intervention or non-active control intervention. Results are from random effects model using standardized mean difference (SMD) adjusted to Hedges g. For each study, the diamond represents the standardized mean difference of the intervention effect with the horizontal line representing 95% confidence intervals. The large diamonds represent the pooled standardized mean difference between the intervention groups and the control groups. Table S1. Characteristics of included studies. Table S2. Univariate meta-regressions between standardized mean differences from all outcomes and age, gender distribution, number of participants with walking aids, intervention length, baseline physical activity and body mass index. Table S3. Citations and reasons for exclusion from full text screening. (DOCX 4040 kb)