Additional file 1 of Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1. Horizontal distributions of the differences in the 30-year annual mean aerosol optical depths (AODs) between the (a) piClim-aer, (b) piClim-BC, (c) piClim-OC, and (d) piClim-SO2 experiments and the piClim-control experiment. Note that the color scales are different in each panel. Supplementary Figure 2. Horizontal distributions of the 30-year annual mean (a-c) mid-level (440–680 hPa) cloud cover (%), (d-f) low-level (below 680-hPa level) cloud cover (%), (g-i) liquid water path (g m−2), and (j-l) column-integrated number concentration of cloud droplets (109 m−2) in the piClim-control experiment (left), the piClim-aer experiment (middle), and their differences (right). Note that the color scales are different in each panel. Supplementary Figure 3. Horizontal distributions of the 30-year annual mean (a-c) high-level (above 440-hPa level) cloud cover (%), (d-f) ice water path (g m−2), and (g-i) column-integrated number concentration of ice crystals (109 m−2) in the piClim-control experiment (left), the piClim-aer experiment (middle), and their differences (right). Note that the color scales are different in each panel. Supplementary Figure 4. Vertical distributions of the 30-year annual zonal mean (a-c) cloud fraction (%), (d-f) in-cloud ice water content (mg kg−1), and (g-i) in-cloud number concentration of ice crystals (L−1) in the piClim-control experiment (left), the piClim-aer experiment (middle), and their differences (right). The solid black lines (left and middle panels) denote temperatures of 0 °C and −38 °C. The solid black lines (right panels) denote the values shown by the color coding in the piClim-control experiment (left panels). Note that the color scales are different in each panel. Supplementary Figure 5. Horizontal distributions of the differences in the 30-year annual mean number concentrations of the aerosols averaged within the range of 150–420 hPa between the (a) piClim-aer, (b) piClim-BC, (c) piClim-OC, and (d) piClim-SO2 experiments and the piClim-control experiment (cm−3). The thick black lines denote 30-year annual mean high-level cloud cover of 70% for the corresponding experiments. Note that the color scales are different in each panel. Supplementary Figure 6. Same as Supplementary Figure 5a but for boreal (a) winter, (b) spring, (c) summer, and (d) fall (cm−3). Supplementary Figure 7. Same as Figure 7b but for boreal (a) winter, (b) spring, (c) summer, and (d) fall (109 m−2). Supplementary Figure 8. Vertical distributions of the differences in the 30-year annual global mean (a) temperature (K) and (b) upward mass flux of cumulus convection (g s−1 m−2) between the piClim-aer (black), piClim-BC (red), piClim-OC (green), and piClim-SO2 (blue) experiments and the piClim-control experiment.