Additional file 1 of ATP Hydrolysis Determines Cold Tolerance by Regulating Available Energy for Glutathione Synthesis in Rice Seedling Plants

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer sequences used in quantitative Real-Time reverse transcription PCR. Figure S1. Descriptive model of relationships among the GSH accumulation, heat shock protein and energy homeostasis in plants under cold stress. The GSH plays a key role in reducing ROS by regulating the APX activity in plants, which can alleviate cold damage. During this process, the accumulation of GSH is determined by GSH-S and GR, the former consumes ATP, while the latter consumes NADPH. The heat shock protein can be induced by ROS, which in turn reduce excess ROS in plants. Indeed, the accumulation of heat shock protein is a process of high energy consumption via consuming ATP. Thus, PARP which can be activated by ROS could inhibit the accumulation of heat shock proteins because it can consume NAD+ and thereby reduce ATP under cold stress. γ-EC, γ-glutamylcysteine; Gly, Glycine; GSH, Glutathione; 3-ab, 3-aminobenzamide; GSH, Glutathione; PARP, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Figure S2. The morphology of the second and old leaves in RIL82 plants under cold stress. SL, Second leaf; OL, Old leaf.