Additional file 1: of HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea is improved by the PPARalpha agonist, palmitoylethanolamide, by suppressing the activation of enteric glia Giovanni Sarnelli Luisa Seguella Marcella Pesce Jie Lu Stefano Gigli Eugenia Bruzzese Roberta Lattanzi Alessandra D’Alessandro Rosario Cuomo Luca Steardo Giuseppe Esposito 10.6084/m9.figshare.6025394.v1 https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/figure/Additional_file_1_of_HIV-1_Tat-induced_diarrhea_is_improved_by_the_PPARalpha_agonist_palmitoylethanolamide_by_suppressing_the_activation_of_enteric_glia/6025394 PEA failed to inhibit bisacodyl-induced diarrhea in rats. Bisacodyl (20 mg/kg) caused a significant increase of (a) daily defecation frequency, (b) average daily number of wet spots, and (c) fluid accumulation within 7 days from diarrhea induction, vs. vehicle group. PEA (2–10–50 mg/kg) resulted ineffective to exert any anti-diarrheal activity. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of n = 5 experiments. ***p < 0.001 vs. vehicle group. (TIFF 1347 kb) 2018-03-24 05:00:00 HIV-1 Tat protein EGCs Diarrhea Neuroinflammation PEA